Chapter 17 · Vocabulary
समानार्थी और विलोम शब्द
Synonyms (A–E)Synonym = समान या लगभग समान अर्थ वाला शब्द। Antonym = उल्टे अर्थ वाला शब्द। परीक्षा में: "Choose the word most similar in meaning to …" या "opposite in meaning to …"।
| शब्द | हिंदी अर्थ | Synonyms |
|---|---|---|
| abandon | छोड़ देना | desert, forsake, quit |
| abundant | भरपूर | plentiful, ample, profuse |
| accurate | सटीक | exact, precise, correct |
| adversity | विपत्ति | misfortune, hardship, distress |
| affluent | धनी | rich, wealthy, prosperous |
| agile | फुर्तीला | nimble, quick, active |
| ambiguous | अस्पष्ट, दो अर्थ वाला | vague, unclear, equivocal |
| amiable | मिलनसार | friendly, pleasant, genial |
| annihilate | पूरी तरह नष्ट करना | destroy, exterminate, wipe out |
| apathy | उदासीनता | indifference, unconcern |
| astonish | चकित करना | amaze, surprise, astound |
| audacious | साहसी | bold, daring, fearless |
| austere | सादा, कठोर | simple, plain, strict |
| benevolent | परोपकारी | kind, generous, charitable |
| candid | स्पष्टवादी | frank, open, outspoken |
| cease | रुकना | stop, end, halt |
| clandestine | गुप्त | secret, covert, hidden |
| colossal | विशाल | huge, enormous, gigantic |
| commence | शुरू करना | begin, start |
| conceal | छिपाना | hide, cover |
| courteous | विनम्र | polite, civil |
| cunning | चालाक | crafty, sly, wily |
| diligent | परिश्रमी | hardworking, industrious |
| eminent | प्रसिद्ध | famous, distinguished, renowned |
| enormous | बहुत बड़ा | huge, immense, vast |
| eternal | शाश्वत | everlasting, perpetual, endless |
"Synonym of diligent (lazy / industrious / careless / slow)" (industrious) · "Synonym of candid (frank / secret / rude / shy)" (frank) · "Synonym of colossal (tiny / huge / weak / old)" (huge) · "Synonym of cease (begin / stop / grow / help)" (stop)
समानार्थी शब्द — 2 Synonyms (F–Z) · How to Solve
| शब्द | हिंदी अर्थ | Synonyms |
|---|---|---|
| fragile | नाज़ुक | delicate, brittle, breakable |
| frugal | मितव्ययी | thrifty, economical, sparing |
| gloomy | उदास, अँधेरा | dismal, sad, dark |
| hostile | शत्रुतापूर्ण | unfriendly, inimical, antagonistic |
| humble | विनम्र | modest, meek |
| illustrious | यशस्वी | famous, celebrated, eminent |
| jubilant | उल्लासित | joyful, exultant, elated |
| lethargic | सुस्त | sluggish, lazy, inactive |
| meagre | थोड़ा, अपर्याप्त | scanty, insufficient, sparse |
| novice | नौसिखिया | beginner, learner, tyro |
| obstinate | ज़िद्दी | stubborn, adamant, headstrong |
| opulent | समृद्ध | rich, wealthy, luxurious |
| prudent | समझदार | wise, sensible, careful |
| reluctant | अनिच्छुक | unwilling, hesitant |
| robust | मज़बूत | strong, sturdy, vigorous |
| scarce | दुर्लभ | rare, scanty, insufficient |
| serene | शांत | calm, peaceful, tranquil |
| sincere | सच्चा | honest, genuine, earnest |
| trivial | मामूली | unimportant, petty, insignificant |
| vacant | खाली | empty, unoccupied |
| valiant | वीर | brave, courageous, heroic |
| vigilant | सतर्क | alert, watchful, wary |
| wicked | दुष्ट | evil, sinful, vicious |
| zeal | उत्साह | enthusiasm, eagerness, passion |
आसान शब्द (प्राथमिक स्तर): big = large · small = little, tiny · happy = glad, joyful · sad = unhappy, sorrowful · begin = start · end = finish · fast = quick, rapid · angry = furious · beautiful = pretty, lovely · help = aid, assist · answer = reply · buy = purchase · near = close · quiet = silent · clever = smart, intelligent · get = obtain, receive · strong = powerful
"Synonym of frugal (thrifty / wasteful / rich / lazy)" (thrifty) · "Synonym of obstinate (flexible / stubborn / polite / weak)" (stubborn) · "Synonym of vigilant (careless / alert / sleepy / angry)" (alert) · "Synonym of trivial (important / petty / huge / serious)" (petty)
विलोम शब्द Antonyms — Common Pairs
| abundant × scarce | accept × reject | admit × deny | adversity × prosperity |
| amateur × professional | ancestor × descendant | ancient × modern | arrival × departure |
| artificial × natural | ascend × descend | attack × defend | attract × repel |
| barren × fertile | bold × timid | brave × cowardly | cheap × costly / dear |
| compulsory × optional | conceal × reveal | confident × diffident | create × destroy |
| deep × shallow | dwarf × giant | ebb × flow | entrance × exit |
| expand × contract | export × import | frequent × rare | fresh × stale |
| friend × foe | generous × mean / stingy | gentle × harsh / rough | guilty × innocent |
| hope × despair | humble × proud | increase × decrease | inferior × superior |
| interior × exterior | junior × senior | knowledge × ignorance | lazy × diligent |
| lend × borrow | liberty × slavery | loyal × treacherous | majority × minority |
| maximum × minimum | optimist × pessimist | polite × rude | praise × blame |
| profit × loss | prose × verse | punish × reward | rigid × flexible |
| rural × urban | sharp × blunt | sorrow × joy | strict × lenient |
| success × failure | tame × wild | temporary × permanent | transparent × opaque |
| vacant × occupied | vague × clear | victory × defeat | wax × wane |
| wisdom × folly | zenith × nadir |
हल करने का तरीका: 1. पहले शब्द का अर्थ सोचो (हिंदी में) · 2. विकल्प का part of speech वही हो (adjective का synonym adjective) · 3. उल्टे अर्थ वाले विकल्प पहले हटाओ (synonym के प्रश्न में अक्सर एक antonym जाल होता है) · 4. शब्द न पता हो तो उसके हिस्से देखो: bene = अच्छा (benevolent), mal = बुरा (malice), -phobia = डर।
जाल (Trap): valuable × invaluable विलोम नहीं — invaluable = अनमोल (बहुत कीमती) · flammable = inflammable (दोनों = जल्दी आग पकड़ने वाला) · famous × infamous: infamous = बदनाम · priceless = अनमोल (बिना कीमत नहीं)
"Antonym of barren (dry / fertile / empty / poor)" (fertile) · "Antonym of diffident (shy / confident / timid / weak)" (confident) · "Antonym of zenith (peak / nadir / summit / top)" (nadir) · "Antonym of transparent (clear / opaque / bright / thin)" (opaque)
Prefix / Suffix से विलोम Antonyms by Prefix & Suffix
| Prefix / Suffix | उदाहरण |
|---|---|
| un- | happy → unhappy · able → unable · known → unknown · fair → unfair · lock → unlock |
| in- | active → inactive · correct → incorrect · capable → incapable · justice → injustice · sane → insane |
| im- (b, m, p से पहले) | possible → impossible · mortal → immortal · mature → immature · proper → improper · partial → impartial · balance → imbalance |
| il- (l से पहले) · ir- (r से पहले) | legal → illegal · literate → illiterate · logical → illogical · regular → irregular · responsible → irresponsible · relevant → irrelevant |
| dis- | agree → disagree · honest → dishonest · appear → disappear · obey → disobey · loyal → disloyal · advantage → disadvantage |
| mis- (गलत) | fortune → misfortune · understand → misunderstand · behave → misbehave · use → misuse |
| non- · ab- · anti- · de- | violence → non-violence · normal → abnormal · social → antisocial · clockwise → anticlockwise · merit → demerit |
| a- / an- · mal- | moral → amoral · typical → atypical · function → malfunction · nutrition → malnutrition |
| -ful → -less | careful → careless · hopeful → hopeless · useful → useless · harmful → harmless · meaningful → meaningless |
| prefix बदलकर | include → exclude · increase → decrease · import → export · internal → external · inhale → exhale · superior → inferior · ascend → descend · encourage → discourage |
im-, il-, ir- कब? prefix in- ही बदलकर b, m, p से पहले im- (impossible, immature, imbalance), l से पहले il- (illegal), r से पहले ir- (irregular) बनता है। पर हर ऐसे शब्द में in- नहीं लगता — un- वाले भी हैं: unreliable, unpopular, unlawful, unbelievable, unpleasant, unlucky (✗ irreliable, ✗ impopular) — इन्हें याद करो।
सही विलोम बनाओ: legible → illegible · rational → irrational · patient → impatient · obedient → disobedient · direct → indirect · literate → illiterate · understand → misunderstand · centralise → decentralise
"Antonym of legal (unlegal / illegal / inlegal / dislegal)" (illegal) · "Choose the correct opposite of responsible (unresponsible / irresponsible / disresponsible / inresponsible)" (irresponsible) · "Invaluable means (worthless / very precious / cheap / useless)" (very precious)