Chapter 18 · Vocabulary
एक शब्द में — व्यक्ति 1
One Word Substitution — PersonsOne word substitution = पूरे वाक्यांश की जगह एक शब्द। परीक्षा में: "Choose the one word for: One who …"
| वाक्यांश | शब्द | वाक्यांश | शब्द |
|---|---|---|---|
| One who does not believe in God | Atheist | A child whose parents are dead | Orphan |
| One who believes in God | Theist | One who always looks at the bright side | Optimist |
| One who is not sure whether God exists | Agnostic | One who always looks at the dark side | Pessimist |
| One who works for the good of others | Altruist | One who travels on foot | Pedestrian |
| One who loves mankind and gives to charity | Philanthropist | One who eats human flesh | Cannibal |
| One who hates mankind | Misanthrope | One who does something for pleasure, not as a profession | Amateur |
| One who hates women | Misogynist | A beginner in a job or skill | Novice / Tyro |
| One who thinks only of himself | Egoist | One who has long experience | Veteran |
| One who has more than one wife / husband at a time | Polygamist | An expert judge in matters of art / taste | Connoisseur |
| One who has two wives / husbands at a time | Bigamist | One who eats too much | Glutton |
| One who has only one wife / husband | Monogamist | One who never takes alcohol | Teetotaller |
| One who does not marry | Celibate / Bachelor | One who is unable to pay debts | Insolvent / Bankrupt |
| An unmarried woman (usually older) | Spinster | One who comes into a foreign country to live | Immigrant |
| A woman whose husband is dead | Widow | One who leaves his country to live in another | Emigrant |
| A man whose wife is dead | Widower | One who pretends to be what he is not | Hypocrite |
"One who does not believe in God (Theist / Atheist / Agnostic / Pessimist)" (Atheist) · "One who is not sure whether God exists (Atheist / Agnostic / Theist / Optimist)" (Agnostic) · "One who hates women (Misanthrope / Misogynist / Philanthropist / Egoist)" (Misogynist)
एक शब्द — व्यक्ति 2 One Word Substitution — Persons
| वाक्यांश | शब्द | वाक्यांश | शब्द |
|---|---|---|---|
| One who speaks many languages | Polyglot | Practice of having more than one wife at a time | Polygyny |
| One who can use both hands equally well | Ambidextrous | One who hates marriage | Misogamist |
| A person who is 100 years old | Centenarian | A lover of books | Bibliophile |
| A person in his eighties (80–89) | Octogenarian | One who collects postage stamps | Philatelist |
| Living / belonging to the same period | Contemporary | One who collects coins | Numismatist |
| One who copies another's writing as his own | Plagiarist | One who doubts the goodness / sincerity of others | Cynic |
| One who wanders from place to place | Nomad / Vagabond | One who is opposed to war and violence | Pacifist |
| One who lives alone, away from society | Hermit / Recluse | One who believes everything is decided by fate | Fatalist |
| One who gives up his life for a cause | Martyr | One who lives only for pleasure | Hedonist |
| One who works only for money (soldier) | Mercenary | One who talks too much about himself | Egotist |
| One who betrays his country / friend | Traitor | A shy person, turned inwards | Introvert |
| One who offers his service willingly | Volunteer | An outgoing, sociable person | Extrovert |
| Practice of having more than one husband at a time | Polyandry |
उम्र वाले शब्द: Sexagenarian (60–69) · Septuagenarian (70–79) · Octogenarian (80–89) · Nonagenarian (90–99) · Centenarian (100+)
-gamist / -gamy = विवाह: monogamy (एक), bigamy (दो एक साथ), polygamy (कई) · miso- = घृणा (misanthrope, misogynist) · phil- = प्रेम (philanthropist, philatelist)
-gamist / -gamy = विवाह: monogamy (एक), bigamy (दो एक साथ), polygamy (कई) · miso- = घृणा (misanthrope, misogynist) · phil- = प्रेम (philanthropist, philatelist)
"One who can use both hands equally well (Ambidextrous / Amateur / Ambiguous / Ambitious)" (Ambidextrous) · "One who leaves his country to settle in another (Immigrant / Emigrant / Refugee / Pilgrim)" (Emigrant) · "A person in his eighties (Centenarian / Octogenarian / Nonagenarian / Septuagenarian)" (Octogenarian)
एक शब्द — अध्ययन और विज्ञान One Word Substitution — Study & Science
| वाक्यांश | शब्द | वाक्यांश | शब्द |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study of mankind | Anthropology | Study of old age and its problems | Geriatrics |
| Study of ancient remains | Archaeology | Study of the mind and behaviour | Psychology |
| Study of heavenly bodies | Astronomy | Study of the origin of words | Etymology |
| Study of stars' influence on human life | Astrology | Study of language | Linguistics / Philology |
| Study of plants | Botany | Collection / study of postage stamps | Philately |
| Study of animals | Zoology | Collection / study of coins | Numismatics |
| Study of insects | Entomology | Art of beautiful handwriting | Calligraphy |
| Study of birds | Ornithology | Art of map-making | Cartography |
| Study of fish | Ichthyology | Study of inscriptions | Epigraphy |
| Study of the earth's crust / rocks | Geology | Science / art of teaching | Pedagogy |
| Study of earthquakes | Seismology | Study of religion and God | Theology |
| Study of weather | Meteorology | Study of family history / lineage | Genealogy |
| Study of diseases | Pathology | Cultivation of garden plants | Horticulture |
| Study of the heart | Cardiology | Rearing of silkworms | Sericulture |
| Study of the skin | Dermatology | Rearing of bees | Apiculture |
| Study of the nervous system | Neurology | Rearing of fish | Pisciculture |
| Study of the eyes | Ophthalmology | Study of cancer | Oncology |
| Study of children's diseases | Paediatrics | Study of bones | Osteology |
-logy = अध्ययन (bio = जीवन, geo = पृथ्वी, ornitho = पक्षी, entomo = कीट, cardio = हृदय, derma = त्वचा, neuro = नस, ophthalmo = आँख, onco = कैंसर, osteo = हड्डी) · -culture = पालन / खेती (api = मधुमक्खी, seri = रेशम, pisci = मछली, horti = बगीचा)
"Study of birds (Entomology / Ornithology / Zoology / Botany)" (Ornithology) · "Collection of postage stamps (Numismatics / Philately / Calligraphy / Cartography)" (Philately) · "The science of teaching (Pedagogy / Pathology / Philology / Psychology)" (Pedagogy) · "Rearing of bees (Sericulture / Apiculture / Pisciculture / Horticulture)" (Apiculture)
एक शब्द — शासन और डर One Word Substitution — Government · Phobias
शासन (-cracy / -archy = शासन)
| वाक्यांश | शब्द | वाक्यांश | शब्द |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government by the people | Democracy | Government by religious leaders (in God's name) | Theocracy |
| Government by one person with absolute power | Autocracy / Dictatorship | Absence of government / law and order | Anarchy |
| Government by a king or queen | Monarchy | Government by old people | Gerontocracy |
| Government by a few persons | Oligarchy | Government by the mob | Mobocracy |
| Government by nobles | Aristocracy | Government by women | Gynocracy / Gynarchy |
| Government by the rich | Plutocracy | A family / society headed by the mother | Matriarchy |
| Government by officials | Bureaucracy | A family / society headed by the father | Patriarchy |
डर (-phobia = डर)
| वाक्यांश | शब्द | वाक्यांश | शब्द |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fear of water | Hydrophobia | Fear of dogs | Cynophobia |
| Fear of heights | Acrophobia | Fear of snakes | Ophidiophobia |
| Fear of closed spaces | Claustrophobia | Fear of spiders | Arachnophobia |
| Fear of open / public places | Agoraphobia | Fear of death | Thanatophobia |
| Fear of foreigners / strangers | Xenophobia | Fear of being alone | Monophobia |
| Fear of fire | Pyrophobia | Fear of thunder and lightning | Astraphobia |
| Fear of darkness / night | Nyctophobia | Fear of public speaking | Glossophobia |
| Fear of animals | Zoophobia |
"Government by a few (Oligarchy / Monarchy / Anarchy / Autocracy)" (Oligarchy) · "Government by the rich (Plutocracy / Aristocracy / Bureaucracy / Theocracy)" (Plutocracy) · "Fear of heights (Hydrophobia / Acrophobia / Claustrophobia / Xenophobia)" (Acrophobia) · "Fear of closed spaces (Agoraphobia / Claustrophobia / Pyrophobia / Nyctophobia)" (Claustrophobia)
एक शब्द — हत्या और स्थान One Word Substitution — -cide · Places
हत्या (-cide = मारना)
| वाक्यांश | शब्द | वाक्यांश | शब्द |
|---|---|---|---|
| Killing of a human being | Homicide | Killing a whole race / community | Genocide |
| Killing oneself | Suicide | Killing one's wife | Uxoricide |
| Killing one's father | Patricide | Killing one's husband | Mariticide |
| Killing one's mother | Matricide | Killing one's parent / near relative | Parricide |
| Killing one's brother | Fratricide | Killing an unborn baby (foetus) | Foeticide |
| Killing one's sister | Sororicide | Killing one's own child | Filicide |
| Killing an infant | Infanticide | Substance that kills insects | Insecticide |
| Killing a king | Regicide | Substance that kills weeds / plants | Herbicide |
स्थान (Places)
| वाक्यांश | शब्द | वाक्यांश | शब्द |
|---|---|---|---|
| A place where weapons are stored | Arsenal | A place where nuns live | Nunnery / Convent |
| A place where bees are kept | Apiary | A place where the dead are buried | Cemetery |
| A place where birds are kept | Aviary | A place where fish are kept | Aquarium |
| A place where grain is stored | Granary | A place where historical records are kept | Archives |
| A place where aircraft are kept | Hangar | A home for orphans | Orphanage |
| A place where coins are made | Mint | A home for dogs | Kennel |
| A garden of fruit trees | Orchard | A home for horses | Stable |
| A place where dead bodies are kept | Mortuary | A home for pigs | Sty |
| A place where monks live | Monastery |
"Killing of one's brother (Patricide / Fratricide / Regicide / Genocide)" (Fratricide) · "Killing of a king (Regicide / Homicide / Suicide / Infanticide)" (Regicide) · "A place where birds are kept (Apiary / Aviary / Aquarium / Granary)" (Aviary) · "A place where coins are made (Mint / Arsenal / Hangar / Granary)" (Mint)
एक शब्द — और शब्द One Word Substitution — Common Words
| वाक्यांश | शब्द | वाक्यांश | शब्द |
|---|---|---|---|
| A remedy for all diseases | Panacea | That which cannot be captured (fort) | Impregnable |
| A collection of poems | Anthology | Disease that spreads by touch | Contagious |
| Life story written by oneself | Autobiography | Disease spreading widely in an area | Epidemic |
| Life story written by another | Biography | Disease spreading over the whole world | Pandemic |
| Words written on a tomb | Epitaph | Present everywhere | Omnipresent |
| A notice of someone's death | Obituary | All-powerful | Omnipotent |
| Born / published after the father's / author's death | Posthumous | All-knowing | Omniscient |
| One who cannot read or write | Illiterate | With everyone agreeing | Unanimous |
| That which can never be wrong | Infallible | Flesh-eating (animal) | Carnivorous |
| That which cannot be conquered | Invincible | Plant-eating (animal) | Herbivorous |
| That which cannot be avoided | Inevitable | Eating both plants and flesh | Omnivorous |
| One who cannot be corrected | Incorrigible | Inability to sleep | Insomnia |
| That which cannot be erased | Indelible | Able to speak two languages | Bilingual |
| That which cannot be read | Illegible | Word for word | Verbatim |
| That which cannot be heard | Inaudible | General pardon to prisoners | Amnesty |
| That which is fit to be eaten | Edible | A handwritten book / document | Manuscript |
| That which can easily catch fire | Inflammable | A large sleeping room for many people | Dormitory |
भ्रम वाले जोड़े: Emigrant (देश छोड़कर जाने वाला) / Immigrant (बाहर से आने वाला) · Contagious (छूने से फैलने वाला) / Infectious (कीटाणु से, हवा-पानी से) · Epidemic (एक क्षेत्र में) / Pandemic (पूरी दुनिया में) / Endemic (किसी क्षेत्र में हमेशा) · Inflammable = Flammable (दोनों = जल्दी आग पकड़ने वाला) · Illegible (पढ़ा न जा सके) / Ineligible (योग्य नहीं)
"A remedy for all diseases (Panacea / Placebo / Antidote / Vaccine)" (Panacea) · "That which cannot be read (Illegible / Ineligible / Inaudible / Invisible)" (Illegible) · "Words written on a tomb (Epitaph / Epilogue / Epigram / Obituary)" (Epitaph) · "One who knows everything (Omnipotent / Omniscient / Omnipresent / Omnivorous)" (Omniscient)